Polisemi Dame dalam Kalimat Bahasa Jepang : Kajian Sintaksis dan Semantik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33751/idea.v8i1.44Keywords:
Dame, Japanese language, Polysemy, Semantics,, SyntaxAbstract
ABSTRACT: Japanese is one of the most widely studied languages among Indonesian learners. The Japanese language contains many polysemous words (tagigo), i.e., words that carry more than one meaning. One such word is the na-adjective dame (だめ), whose meaning varies considerably depending on context. This study aims to describe the syntactic function and semantic variation of dame in Japanese sentences. A qualitative descriptive method was employed, combining library research and distributional analysis. Data were collected from anime, manga, Japanese-language dramas, and written sources, then analysed according to the theoretical framework of Bunkachou (1990). The results show that dame functions syntactically as a predicate (jutsugo) and as a nominal modifier when followed by the particle な. Semantically, dame carries five distinct meanings: (1) poor performance or function, (2) futility, (3) impossibility, (4) prohibition, and (5) obligation. This semantic expansion is conditioned by the verbs and grammatical patterns attached to dame. These findings suggest that polysemy in na-adjectives may arise through systematic grammatical meaning extension.
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